Respiratory failure is the primary cause of death in approximately 60% of patients with ALS [cite: 1] . Proactive monitoring of respiratory ...
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Comprehensive Symptomatic Care and Multidisciplinary Management
Optimal clinical care for ALS requires a specialized multidisciplinary team approach . Managing distressing symptoms and preserving quality ...
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Disease-Modifying Pharmacotherapy: Riluzole and Emerging Therapeutics
Although there is currently no cure for ALS, disease-modifying therapies aim to slow functional decline and extend survival . Riluzole remai...
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Electrodiagnosis, Neuroimaging, and Differential Workup: Navigating ALS Mimics
Because no single definitive biofluid biomarker exists for sporadic ALS, electrodiagnostic testing, neuroimaging, and comprehensive blood pa...
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The Diagnostic Framework: El Escorial vs. Awaji Criteria
Standardizing clinical trial recruitment and improving diagnostic accuracy led to the development of validated diagnostic frameworks for ALS...
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Clinical Manifestations: Distinguishing Upper vs. Lower Motor Neuron Signs
Diagnosing ALS relies on identifying signs of combined Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) and Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) degeneration spreading across n...
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Environmental Risk Factors and Autoimmune Hypotheses in ALS
While genetic research has clarified inherited forms of ALS, environmental toxins and systemic factors play a major role in sporadic cases ....
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation in ALS
Motor neuron degeneration in ALS involves mitochondrial damage, lipid peroxidation, and localized neuroinflammation . These interrelated cas...
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Glutamate Excitotoxicity and Astrocytic Dysfunction in ALS
Glutamate-induced excitotoxicity is one of the most widely established pathogenetic mechanisms underlying selective motor neuron degeneratio...
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Histopathology and Diagnostic Biomarkers: The Significance of Bunina Bodies
The histopathological evaluation of motor neuron tissue in ALS reveals hallmark cellular inclusions and structural alterations . Among these...
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Pathogenesis of ALS: Multi-System Cellular Mechanisms
Introduction The neurodegenerative cascade in ALS is a multifactorial process where diverse genetic defects converge on interconnected cellu...
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The Genetic Landscape of Familial and Sporadic ALS
The discovery of genetic factors underlying familial ALS (FALS) has provided profound insight into the molecular pathogenesis of both famili...
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Clinical Heterogeneity of Motor Neuron Disease: Phenotypes and Variants
Introduction Although ALS is typically recognized by classic signs of dual motor neuron degradation, clinical presentation is remarkably het...
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Global Epidemiology and Geographic Clusters of ALS
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis represents a global public health challenge as the premier adult-onset motor neuron disease . Epidemiology s...
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Historical Evolution of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Introduction Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective loss of motor neu...
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