Capsular Warning Syndrome (CWS) is a high-risk clinical presentation characterized by recurrent, stereotyped transient ischemic attacks (TIA...
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Diagnostic Traps in Adult Onset Amnesia: How Autoimmune Encephalitis Mimics Neurodegeneration
Differentiating primary neurodegenerative conditions from secondary, reversible causes of cognitive impairment remains a cornerstone of clin...
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Subacute Memory Loss & Involuntary Jerks: Understanding LGI1-Antibody Limbic Encephalitis
When a patient presents with rapidly progressive short-term memory deficits accompanied by involuntary muscle movements (myoclonus) or slee...
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Autoimmune Cerebellar Ataxias: Primary Phenotypes, Diagnostic Categories, and Target Autoantibodies
Autoimmune cerebellar ataxias encompass a diverse spectrum of inflammatory disorders targeting the cerebellum and its surrounding neural ne...
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Blood Pressure Control in Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke: Evidence from INTERACT-2 and ATACH-2
In acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), immediate blood pressure (BP) management plays a crucial role in minimizing hematoma ex...
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Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: BP Targets and Immediate Management Steps
Managing acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) requires balancing quick interventions with patient safety. When a patient presents with an a...
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Prescribing Presumptions: The Meds That Can Worsen Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Medication Pitfalls in JME: Anti-Seizure Drugs You Should Avoid In clinical neurology, choosing the wrong anti-seizure medication can someti...
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Treatment Dilemmas in JME: Choosing the First-Line Anti-Seizure Medication
Getting Treatment Right: First-Line Pharmacotherapy for Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy When managing Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME), selecti...
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Spilling Coffee or Dropping Phones? Why Early-Morning Clumsiness in Teens Could Be JME
It’s a scenario played out in many households: a teenager repeatedly drops a toothbrush, spills breakfast juice, or fumbles their phone fir...
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Understanding Episodic Ataxias: EA-1 vs. EA-2 Clinical Comparison
Episodic Ataxias (EA) are autosomal dominant channelopathies characterized by recurrent spells of incoordination, dizziness, and imbalance. ...
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The Genetics Behind Paroxysmal Dyskinesia: PRRT2, PNKD, and GLUT1 Explained
Recent advances in neurogenetics have provided significant insight into the underlying mechanisms of episodic dyskinesias. PRRT2 (Proline-Ri...
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Is It a Seizure or a Movement Disorder? How to Tell the Difference
Paroxysmal movement disorders are frequently misdiagnosed as focal epileptic seizures because both conditions present with intermittent, sud...
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PKD vs. PNKD vs. PED: How to Classify Paroxysmal Movement Disorders
When evaluating episodic abnormal movements, identifying the precise trigger and duration is essential to making the correct diagnosis. Par...
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Understanding Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia (PKD)-When Sudden Movements Trigger Posturing
Imagine an 18-year-old patient walking into your clinic. He has a normal developmental history, but over the last 6 months, he has been expe...
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