Showing posts with label abdomen. Show all posts
Showing posts with label abdomen. Show all posts

Measurements of abdomen

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Abdominal girth should be measured at the level of umbilicus .  Periodic measurement is done to assess prognosis in ascites, paralytic il...

Causes of Striae over the abdomen

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Striae is due to stretching of the abdominal wall that is severe enough to cause rupture of the elastic fibres in the skin and produces pink...

Significance of examination of Skin over the abdomen

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Examine for the following in the skin over abdomen Moles, seborrhocic warts, angiomas (considered normal changes). Scars Haemorrhagic spots...

Inspection of abdomen

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Method Patient should lie flat with one pillow under the head and the abdomen is exposed from the xiphisternum to the pubic symphysis. St...

Causes of abdominal distension

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Distension of abdomen is of two types : Generalised  Localised (visceromegaly, neoplasm  shifting dullness is absent). Generalised fulln...

What is Dyspepsia?

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Dyspepsia is a term to denote a variety of alimentary symptoms arising form upper gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms  includes  Upper abdo...

Importance of past history in GIT

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Past history is very important in gastrointestinal system History of Jaundice indicate viral hepatitis Drug intake - history of drug ...

Points to note in a renal lump :

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Once the kidney is palpable examine for the folllowing Site Size. Shape (ovoid normally). Consistency (resilient or firm in feel). Ma...

How to elicit Tenderness over the renal angle?

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Patient is asked to sit and the angle formed by the 12th rib and lateral border of erector spinae muscle is pressed by the ball of the thum...

How to do palpation of kidney?

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Lower Pole of right kidney is normally palpable. Left kidney is usually not palpable unless either low in position or enlarged  Though k...

Common causes of palpable kidney

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Unilateral causes of palpable kidney Dropped kidney (can be pushed to its normal position). Unilateral hydronephrosis or pyonephrosis. ...

Causes of hepatic bruit :

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Hepatic bruit is heard in the following situations Hepato-cellular carcinoma /hepatoma Acute alcoholic hepatitis. Haemangioma of liver...

Friction Rub -clinical significance in git examination

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It is heard in perisplenitis or perihepatitis due to microinfarction and inflammation. Splenic rub is heard in the following conditions: ...

Regions of abdomen and its contents

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For purposes of description abdomen is conveniently divided into 9 regions by the intersection of imaginary planes there are 2 horizontal a...

Surface marking of Kidney

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Surface marking of kidney is done by drawing the Morris parallelogram . Two parallel horizontal lines are drawn on the back at the levels...

Surface marking of Liver

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Surface marking of upper border of liver Upper border of right lobe corresponds to the level of 5th rib, 2.5 cm medial to the right midcla...

Surface marking of Spleen

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Spleen is situated behind 9th, 10th and 11th ribs with its long axis along the line of 10th rib; anteriorly it extends to mid axillary line...

Surface marking of Gallbladder

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Gall bladder is situated at the junction of 9th costal cartilage and outer border of right rectus abdominis muscle Grey-Turner’s Method D...

Shifting of upper border of liver dullness :

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To delineate the upper border of liver dullness, you should percuss the anterior chest wall along right MCL from above downwards. Normally ...

Measurements of abdomen

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Abdominal girth should be measured at the level of umbilicus. Periodic measurement is done to assess prognosis in ascites, paralytic ileus...