Showing posts with label cardiac auscultation. Show all posts
Showing posts with label cardiac auscultation. Show all posts

Completed - Normal Second heart sound

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The most difficult thing in auscultation is to identify the abnormalities of S2. Physiology of Second heartsound Two components for 2nd h...

Mechanism of continuous murmur

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1.High pressure system communicating with low pressure system Intracardiac RSOV to RV, RA ,Pulmonary artery. Coronary artery fistula to...

What is Gallop rhythm

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3 sounds heard during each cardiac cycle produce triple rhythm Triple rhythm with sinus tachycardia produce Gallop rhythm imitating the soun...

Types of continuous murmur

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  Continuous murmur with cyanosis TOF with PDA Pulmonary atresia with bronchopulmonary anastomoses Pulmonary AVF Continuous murmur with syst...

Causes of fourth heartsound

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  LV S4  causes Systemic hypertension AS (left ventricular hypertrophy) LV myocardial infarction RVS4  causes Pulmonary hypertension Pulmona...

Method of Cardiac Auscultation

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Patient is asked to be in supine position or in propped up position if orthopnoea present. The conventional sequence of auscultation of ar...

Third heart sound

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S3 is a low pitched sound produced due to rapid deceleration of blood during inflow Into the leftventricle.It is also called as protodiasto...

Causes of third heartsound

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Etiology of S3 Abnormal increase in transmitral flow Mitral regurgitation VSD PDA Depression of ventricular function LV dysfunction...

Causes of Fourth heartsound

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Left ventricular S4 (LVS4) Systemic hypertension AS (left ventricular hypertrophy) LV myocardial infarction Right ventricularS4 (RVS4...

Fourth heart sound the Atrial sound

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S4 signifies systolic overload of the ventricles. It occurs during the last rapid filling phase of cardiac cycle (in ventricular diastole)...

What are the causes of Hemoptysis in cardiovascular diseases

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The causes of Hemoptysis  in cardiovascular diseases are due to – Pulmonary edema it is characterised by pink frothy sputum Mitral ste...

Causes of Fatigue in heart disease

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Fatigue  in heart disease are due to the following Low output state - obstructive valvular lesion - Aortic stenosis Pulmonary artery hyp...

How to auscultate for S3 or S4 ?

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S3 or S4 is best heard at the cardiac apex with the bell of stethoscope placed lightly.  Sometimes, they are best heard with the patient...

Basics of cardiac auscultation

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Auscultation is the most important part in cardiovascular examination. Doctor should gain the skill by experience obtained by constant repe...

Prosthetic heart sounds

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Prosthetic aortic sounds Opening sound in systole—Ejection click Closing sound—S2 Prosthetic Mitral sounds Opening sound in diasto...

What is Pericardial rub?

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Pericardial rub is produced due to the sliding of the two inflamed layers of the pericardium. Features of pericardial rub Site  -Left ...

What is hammans sign?

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It is a crunching, rhythmical sound heard over the precordium and is synchronous with the heart beat.  This sign is found in pneumomedias...

What is pericardial knock

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Pericardial knock is a loud high frequency diastolic sound produced by the abrupt halt in early diastolic filling due to the nondistensibl...

Ejection and nonejection clicks

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What is an Ejection Click Vascular ejection click Valvular ejection click Non-ejection click

What is an Ejection Click

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Ejection click is a sharp and high-pitched clicking sound heard immediately alter the first heart This sound is due due to sudden opening ...