Showing posts with label endocrinology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label endocrinology. Show all posts

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome

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Cushing syndrome produce changes in body fat,skin,bone,muscle,resproductive system,cardiovasular and blood. Changes in the body fat ...

Hormones secreted by the pituitary gland

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This include hormone secreted by adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)and neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) Hormone secreted by the...

What is cretinism ?

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Cretinism is a condition produced due to hypothyroidism since birth due to partial or complete failure of thyroid gland   (commonly it is...

What is pseudohypoparathyroidism ?

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Pseudohypoparathyroidism  is a condition with increased  secretion of parathormone (PTH) is there but due to end organ resistance, there i...

Cardinal features of addisons disease

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Following are the cardinal features of Addison s disease Commonly the patient is female and suffers from : Asthenia,hypotenstion.hyper...

What are the cutaneous manifestation of Diabetes mellitus?

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Diabetes mellitus is associated with following cutaneous manifestation Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum is characterised by papulonod...

What are the newer hypoglycemic agents ?

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The newer hypoglycemic agents act based on Incretin effect.Incretins are neuroendocrine substances that are released from GIT and increase...

What are different Insulin preparations?

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Various insulin preparations are available based on onset and duration of action.They can be short acting or long acting. 1. Lispro S...

Regulation of insulin secretion (Chemical,Hormonal and Neural factors)

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Insulin was discovered in 1921 by BANTING and BEST.   It is a peptide hormone composed of 51 amino acid residues. Insulin has a molecu...

Pathogenesis of graves disease

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A combination of environmental as well as genetic factors contribute to an individuals susceptility to Graves' disease. The hyperthy...

Drug treatment of Graves'disease

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The hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease is treated either by  1.Reducing the synthesis of thyroid hormone using antithyroid drugs or...

What are the causes of thyrotoxicosis ?

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Thyrotoxicosis is defined as the state of thyroid hormone excess.  But it is not synonymous with hyperthyroidism, which is the result o...

Atypical manifestations of hypothyroidism

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Thyroid hormone can directly influence every cell in the human body.Diagnostic confusion may occur when the functional derangement of one b...

What are the clinical manifestations of thyrotoxicosis?

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The clinical presentation of thyrotoxicosis  depends on the   Severity of thyrotoxicosis  The duration of disease Individual suscepti...

Adrenal gland - Functional anatomy

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Adrenal gland - They are suprarenal - they sit on top of the kidneys. Each is composed of 2 distinct regions: A. Adrenal Medulla ...