Showing posts with label gastroenterology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label gastroenterology. Show all posts

Pathogenesis of Drug-Induced Hepatitis: A Deeper Insight

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Drug-induced hepatitis, also known as drug-induced liver injury (DILI), is a condition marked by liver damage caused by drugs or other chemi...

Covalently Closed Circular DNA: An Intricate Molecular Entity

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  Covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) represents a unique category of DNA molecules that exist as closed loops without free ends. This f...

Genetics of Wilson disease : A Comprehensive Overview

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Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder characterized by an excess of copper stored in various body tissues, primarily the liver, brain,...

Histological Changes in Ulcerative Colitis: A Comprehensive Overview

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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that primarily affects the colon and rectum, causing inflammation and ...

Unveiling the Mechanisms of Normal Gastric Motility: A Key Player in Digestion

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Gastric motility, the coordinated muscular contractions of the stomach, is a vital process that facilitates proper digestion and nutrient ab...

Physiology of vitamin B12 absorption

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Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including DNA s...

Rifaximin: A Versatile Antibiotic with Broad Therapeutic Applications

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  Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine, providing effective treatment options for bacterial infections. One such versatile antibi...

Pancreatic Acinar Cell: The Exocrine Workhorse of the Pancreas

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  The pancreas, an organ nestled deep within the abdomen, plays a crucial role in digestion and the regulation of blood sugar levels. While ...

Describe the segmental anatomy of the normal liver. Discuss the process of liver regeneration after hepatic resection.

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The liver is a complex organ that plays a vital role in various metabolic processes, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and the pr...

Measurements of abdomen

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Abdominal girth should be measured at the level of umbilicus .  Periodic measurement is done to assess prognosis in ascites, paralytic il...

Causes of Striae over the abdomen

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Striae is due to stretching of the abdominal wall that is severe enough to cause rupture of the elastic fibres in the skin and produces pink...

Significance of examination of Skin over the abdomen

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Examine for the following in the skin over abdomen Moles, seborrhocic warts, angiomas (considered normal changes). Scars Haemorrhagic spots...

Inspection of abdomen

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Method Patient should lie flat with one pillow under the head and the abdomen is exposed from the xiphisternum to the pubic symphysis. St...

Causes of abdominal distension

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Distension of abdomen is of two types : Generalised  Localised (visceromegaly, neoplasm  shifting dullness is absent). Generalised fulln...

How to examine for Spider Naevus an OSCE guide

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Spider Naevus is a sign of liver cell failure.Sometime seen in healthy Individuals also. 1. Ask the patient to adequately expose. 2....

What is Dyspepsia?

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Dyspepsia is a term to denote a variety of alimentary symptoms arising form upper gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms  includes  Upper abdo...

Importance of past history in GIT

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Past history is very important in gastrointestinal system History of Jaundice indicate viral hepatitis Drug intake - history of drug ...

Points to note in a renal lump :

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Once the kidney is palpable examine for the folllowing Site Size. Shape (ovoid normally). Consistency (resilient or firm in feel). Ma...

How to elicit Tenderness over the renal angle?

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Patient is asked to sit and the angle formed by the 12th rib and lateral border of erector spinae muscle is pressed by the ball of the thum...

How to do palpation of kidney?

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Lower Pole of right kidney is normally palpable. Left kidney is usually not palpable unless either low in position or enlarged  Though k...