Showing posts with label nephrology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label nephrology. Show all posts

Limitations of Currently Available eGFR Equations (estimated glomerular filtration rate): A Comprehensive Analysis

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The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a widely used measure of kidney function that helps assess the filtration capacity of the...

Importance of Urinalysis in Kidney Diseases

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Urinalysis is a key diagnostic tool in the field of nephrology. It involves the examination of urine for various parameters, including color...

Pathology of HIV-Associated Nephropathy (HIVAN)

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HIV-Associated Nephropathy (HIVAN) is a progressive kidney disease associated with advanced HIV infection. It is one of the most common caus...

Renal Handling of Magnesium: Physiology and Clinical Significance

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Magnesium, the second most abundant intracellular cation, plays a vital role in many physiological processes, including energy metabolism, c...

Phosphatonins: Physiology and Clinical Significance

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Phosphatonins are a group of hormones that play a critical role in phosphate homeostasis, regulating phosphate reabsorption in the renal tub...

Physiology of Solute Removal in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

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Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) is a type of peritoneal dialysis that allows for the removal of solutes and waste products ...

The Role of Kidneys in the Pathogenesis of Primary Hypertension

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Primary hypertension, also known as essential hypertension, is a multifactorial disease whose exact cause remains largely unknown. However, ...

Pathophysiology of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy

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Hypercalcemia of malignancy is a common paraneoplastic syndrome and is associated with a poor prognosis. It occurs in up to 30% of patients ...

Mechanisms of Urinary Acidification and Pathophysiology of Type IV Renal Tubular Acidosis

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The kidneys play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis in the human body. One such important function is the regulation of acid-base bal...

Anemia of chronic renal failure

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Anemia of chronic renal failure is normocytic normochromic, hypoproliferative anemia The level of anemia correlates with the severity o...

Cutaneous manifestations of chronic kidney disease

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Certain skin changes are seen in patients with chronic renal failure Uraemic frost Erythema papulaturn uraemicum are erythematous nod...

Indications for dialysis therapy in acute kidney injury

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Following are the indications for dialysis in acute kidney injury Fluid overload that is refractory to diuretics. Hyperkalemia  (se...