Showing posts with label reflex. Show all posts
Showing posts with label reflex. Show all posts

Snout Reflex -clinical significance

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Method of elicitation Keep a finger on the upper lip and  a  direct tap on the lips with the examiner's finger lightly over it. Pucke...

How to elicit Palatal reflex?

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Ask the subject to open his mouth widely and then touch the mucous membrane covering the palate using a spatula. This produces reflex contr...

How to elicit Corneal reflex?

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The corneal reflex, also known as the blink reflex , is an involuntary blinking of the eyelids elicited by stimulation of the cornea. The p...

How to elicit Conjunctival reflex?

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Method of elicitation Stand on one side of the subject and ask him to look at a far object on the opposite side. A sterile piece of cott...

Interpretation of tendon reflexes

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Tendon reflexes are graded as follows Grading of reflexes grade 0; absent grade 1: sluggish grade 2: normal normal like ankle jerk gr...

Causes of absent tendon reflexes:

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Tendon reflex may be absent in the following situations Lower motor neurone disease Neuronal shock Marked spasticity and muscle contr...

What are the common causes of Hyporeflexia?

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Hyporeflexia is a condition characterized by the absence or diminished reflex in reaction to an applied stimulus. This condition is associa...

Inverted Reflexes clinical significance

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Invertion of Radial Reflex On eliciting the supinator jerk, the following response is observed There is absence of flexion of  elbow,  ...

How to do reinforcement of tendon reflex

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Reinforcement Upper Limb is done with  Clenching teeth Clenching fist on the other side Reinforcement of lower Limb is done with  Cl...

What is Pseudomyotonic Reflex

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It is a delayed muscle relaxation after brisk contraction the muscle on elicitation of the deep tendon reflex,best seen on eliciting the an...

Technique of elicitation of deeptendon reflex

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In a screening examination you it more convenient to integrate the reflex examination into the rest of the examination of that part of the ...

Causes of Exaggerated tendon reflex

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In hyperactive stretch reflex there is increased speed of response, duration and amplitude of movement. Hyperreflexia can be either exagg...

What is the relationship between Clonus and spasticity

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Spasticity often occurs with clonus. It involves long-term muscular tightness. Spasticity, as seen in clonus, is produced  by damaged ner...

Wrist Clonus

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Clonus, is usually encountered in the knee or ankle, it is a classic symptom of spasticity occurring as a result of lesions in upper motor ...

Ankle clonus -A complete guide

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Clonus is a series of involuntary, rhythmic, muscular contractions and relaxations. Clonus is a sign of upper motor neuron lesions involvin...

How to elicit plantar reflex?

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Plantar response is a local reflex arc modified by the pyramidal tract. Position of the patient All the leg muscles should be visible and...

Cause of extensor plantar response with loss of ankle jerk

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Extensor plantar response is usually associated with brisk ankle reflex .But in certain conditions the plantar response is extensor with ab...

Tromner Reflex – Clinical significance

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What is the method of elicitation of Tromner sign   Fix the proximal middle phalanx Tap volar surface of the finger Positiv...

Tricep jerk- a complete guide

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Tricep jerk is an example of deep tendon reflex. Method of elicitation of tricep jerk? Place the patients hand over his chest with the el...

Clonus and its clinical signifiance

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Rhythmic reflex monophasic contractions and relaxations of hypertonic muscles in response to an abruptly applied and sustained strecth stim...