Definitive treatment of ASD is closure with patch of defect.
Repair of ASD defect is indicated
- When there is significant shunt from left atrium to left ventricle with pulmonary blood flow to systemic blood flow is >2:1.
Contraindications to surgical treatment are
- Small ASD with bivial shunt
- ASD with severe PAH, and right to left shunt pulmonary vascular resistance to systemic vascular resistances >0.7:1